Q 1. Define glucose sparing and why is it important for survival?2. The Pima Indians of Arizona called themselves “river people” primarily because up until the 1900s, they made their living via agriculture (subsistence farming) alongside the Gila River. Their lifestyle changed, however, with the European invasion and the building of several large dams (namely, the Hoover dam) up river. Why is the prevalence of type 2 diabetes so much higher in the Pima compared with their European counterparts, when they both currently are living similar lifestyles? 3. How much daily energy expenditure would modern day humans need to bring their SER to the optimal level of their hunter-¬¬gatherer ancestors?? How could this EE be achieved? 4. Explain why an adequate cortisol response is a survival advantage in the short-¬¬term (think about outrunning a saber-¬¬tooth tiger), but becomes a disadvantage over the long-¬¬term (think chronic poverty)? 5. Why should the RER be below approximately 0.85 in the fasted state?