Q Each student is expected to participate in the Chapter discussion by responding to ideas(s) presented by the professor. One discussion, per week is required. The professor will post at least two statements or ideas reflecting some aspect of the chapter being studied for that week. Discussions must be posted by Saturday of each week by 11:59pm. Students may post earlier than the absolute due date if desired, but no later than the identified dates below. Each Chapter Discussion will be worth 20 points each. Late discussions will not be read or graded. Please make sure you identify which task you are answering, do not re-write the question/task but write the number you are answering. Please answer only one of the below numbers: 7. Based on our textbook authors’ comments in reference to research on deterrence, and other available sources, discuss how useful is deterrence to stopping or reducing the volume of crime. 8. Having studied the labeling theory, now discuss how and why some researchers (i.e., Smith and Paternoster, 1990; p.152) suggest that the impact of labeling may really represent a "deviance-amplification model"