Q 1. Describe the six types of antigen preparations for making vaccines.
2. Define antibody-antigen immune testing and describe how agglutination can be used for blood typing.
1. The six types by which the vaccines are made includes the following process: The different types of vaccines and ways of creating them includes live, attenuated , inactivated, subunit , conjugate an toxoid . Incase of live ,attenuated type of vaccines, the virus is weakened to the point that it is incapable of of causing any diseases .This means that both the T cells and B cells are functional and will produce the memory cells in response to the virus . Inactivated vaccines contains a virus that has been killed and it is incapable of causing any disease . The cells of the immune system still respond to the killed virus in the vaccine and create memory cells against the disease . Subunit consists of pieces of the virus and creates the vaccines . Purified forms of pathogens is used in case of giving vaccines . Conjugate vaccines were created to combat the bacterial pathogens that have an outer coating composed of sugar like substances . The connection or conjugation of pieces of the outer coating sugar-like substances of bacteria to harmless proteins allows the immune system to respond. Toxoid vaccines contain inactivated or killed toxins called toxoids that are not capable of causing any disease in this cases .