Q QUIZ #4 SCI-120: HUMAN ECOLOGY (Ch 8) 1. T/F: Typical Hunter-Gatherers had a much longer work week than typical Americans. 2. A line from a poem written to commemorate a speech by 19th Century Chief Sealth, “Every part of this earth is sacred to my people”, characterizes a dominant paradigm of a. the first city dwellers. b. Hunter-Gatherer peoples. c. Agricultural peoples. d. Industrial civilizations. 3. Which balancing feedback loops maintain stable relationships between hunter-gatherer communities and their environments? a. multigenerational wisdom, based on experience, causing a paradigm that instructs the community to live simply. b. understanding that if nature’s resources are used faster than they can be naturally replenished, there will be hardship. c. willingness to expand ecosystem capacity margins. d. willingness to travel light, don’t value material possessions highly. e. all of the above are true. f. “a”, “b” and “c” are true. g. “a, “b” and “d” are true. 4. T/F: The extent of environmental modifications in early Iron Age farming communities was not slowed down by environmental limits. 5. T/F: Agrarian communities can sustain themselves within the limits of the natural carrying capacity of their environments. 6. T/F: As Hunter-Gatherers were gradually displaced by (or converted into) Agriculturalists, the “Respect for Nature” paradigm was replaced with the “Ownership and Control of the Environment” paradigm. 7. T/F: Permanent Agrarian Societies did not require huge amounts of labor to stop their environments from returning to their natural, wild conditions. 8. T/F: Agrarian societies found themselves constantly living dangerously close to the maximum carrying capacities of their land, unlike the Hunter-Gatherers who stayed well below the carrying capacities of their environments. 9. Compared to Hunter-Gatherers, the diet of Agriculturalists: a. Contained less meat b. Had less fresh food c. Had less variety d. Could be deficient in nutritional quality e. All of the above f. “a”, “b” and “c” above. 10. T/F: The extent to which agrarian societies met the health and wellbeing needs of its members became increasingly influenced by an individual’s status. 11. With the rise of cities: a. human impacts on the environment come from communities not physically located in that environment. b. came the Paradigm of “Environments in Service of Remote Consumers”. c. consumers have little or no knowledge of the means of production of the goods and services they purchase. d. there are significant disparities in the level of resources accessible by different members of the community at different social scales. e. All of the above are true. f. All of the above except “d” are true. 12. T/F: There are many runaway reinforcing feedback loops in urban societies because they are missing the balancing feedback loops from the rural communities that they depend upon for all their needs. 13. T/F: An urban population can only be sustained by surpluses produced by a rural population. 14. T/F: Per capita consumption of urban communities is less than for agrarian communities. ? 15. The one way flow of nutrients from rural to urban communities: a. Results in soil degradation in rural farming communities. b. Improves the total environmental quality of the larger system. c. Results in accumulating piles of rotting organic waste, human and animal excrement. d. Made life in the cities healthier with less disease. e. All of the above are true. f. “a” and “c” above are true. g. “b” and “d” above are true. 16. T/F: There are strong feedback signals between cities and rural communities which keep them in healthy environmental balance. 17. Comparing Hunter-Gatherers, Simple Agricultural Societies and City Dwellers, a. Agricultural society population numbers were higher than Hunter-Gatherers b. There was less social equity in Agricultural Societies than Hunter-Gatherer societies. c. Average per capita consumption was highest for city dwellers and lowest for Hunter-Gatherers. d. All of the above are true. 18. T/F: Humans, and their pre-human ancestors (tool making, upright Hominids) have been around for some four million years. 19. Hunter-Gatherers could not settle down in one place because: a. they had a genetic impulse to be wanderers. b. they would destroy all of the natural resources in that place if they stayed too long. c. there would be fierce territorial battles with neighboring tribes. d. they craved the adventure of moving on to unknown territories. 20. T/F: Typical Hunter-Gatherers had a much shorter work week than typical Americans.