1.A parenthetical reference that alerts the reader to a source that has been used in the body of an academic essay.The in-text citation shows up as a set of parentheses typically at the end of a sentence or paragraph and signals to the reader that a different source has informed what is written. 2.Dismantling the structure of a statement or para‹ raph in another work and communicating your own understanding of what you read in your own words. In paraphrasing you always want to take sentences or paragraphs completely apart so that your par phrase looks nothing like the original. Coming up with synonyms fo the words in a sentence or paragraph and putting this in your work would not be good paraphrasing. You want to aim for communicating your own understanding of what it is you read, so your Paraphrasing should sound like you and how you think.