Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(4), 298-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.002 Critical Summary of Article Top-down, bureaucratic paradigms shaped leadership patterns in the previous century. These models are extremely effective in a physical-production-based economy, but they are not well-suited to a knowledge-based economy. Uhl-Bien et al., (2007) has stated in their article that leadership should be framed as a complex interacting dynamic from which adaptive results (e.g., learning, creativity, and adaptation) arise, according to complexity science. The purpose of this article is to establish an overall framework for the study of Complexity Leadership based on complexity science. The research question for the above mentioned article is a paradigm shift in leadership is required as there aren't enough leadership models for the Knowledge Era (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007).